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How Hybrid Electric Vehicles Work

Owen Jones | July 15, 2010

Have you ever wondered about hybrid cars? They certainly look stylish and modern, but what is it about them that makes them so different and so special? After all, most cars look the same these days, do they not? They are all designed by computer to be aerodynamic and aerodynamic is aerodynamic, so they all end up looking indistinguishable to anyone who is not an aficionado.

Well, the fact is that the distinction between a hybrid car and a normal car lies under the bonnet. There are various types of hybrid vehicles as well, but the most widespread kind has a hybrid electric engine. Therefore, you could say that what makes hybrid cars different from most other, ordinary cars is their engine.

Or engines really, because hybrid electric cars essentially have two engines. One, the internal combustion engine, runs on petrol, LPG or diesel and the other, the electric motor, runs off electricity stored in an array of heavy-duty batteries. On the other hand, ordinary cars only have an internal combustion engine. It is a good idea to examine these two types of engine separately.

First of all the electric motor. Electrical energy is created by various components on the car and stored in a large bank or array of high-capacity batteries. The electricity is generated by the turning of the internal combustion engine, just as with a normal car, when it is in use, but also by the wheels or / and the car’s braking system. Different models have different ways of generating this electricity, but they are all very hi-tech and very effective.

When the car’s internal computers decide that the car no longer needs the strength of the internal combustion engine, it will turn it off and switch to the electric motor instead. The conditions where this might happen are, for example, when you are driving slowly in inner-city traffic, when you are cruising at moderate speed on a flat road or when you are going down hill. This saves a considerable amount of fuel, which is clearly a great saving to you.

However, there are times when you need more power than the batteries can give you, for instance, when accelerating hard, when overtaking or when climbing a hill. At times such as these, the electric motor will close down and the combustion engine will take over and start supplying power to the accelerator and electricity to the batteries. When the need for extra power has ceased, the batteries will take over again.

These choices are all taken by the hybrid electric vehicle’s (HEV’s) on board computer system and you will not be aware of much other that a rush of power or a quietening of the propulsion system. This works very well in most cases, but some drivers of HEV’s would like to have a manual override for abnormal circumstances, such as an undulating landscape.

All in all, cars with hybrid electric engines work very well at reducing fuel bills but they are still too dear to be much more than a gimmicky toy and a salve to the conscience for the rich.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on many subjects, but is at present involved with hybrid electric engines. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at New Hybrid Vehicles.

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Calendars – Why They Can Be Out

Owen Jones | July 14, 2010

Thousands of years ago, ancient Greek astronomers calculated that the track of the Earth’s axis is constantly, even if in a very slow way, shifting in a uniform pattern. The change is very similar to the manner a spinning top slowly leans one way and then another as it slows down. It is a wobble that occurs as its axis changes direction.

This odd movement of the planet is due to a couple of factors, the most important of which is something called ‘precession’. Precession arises from the fact that the Earth is not a perfect sphere. It is in fact about twenty-seven miles longer around the Equator that it is around the Poles. The Earth then is oblate, or fat around the middle like middle-aged spread, but it is due to the rotation not to its age.

If you imagine the Earth with its Poles off centre. Then rotate that image and you will find that any point, except the very centre of the axis, will move in a circle. But very, very slowly. So slowly that it takes 26,000 years to go full circle and get back to where it started from.

This point then, any point you choose, is very gradually shifting its location in relation to the stars because the axis is gyrating too. The result of this is that, what we call the North Star (formally known as Polaris, which is in fact one degree off true North) will not be over our North Pole one day. In fact, by about 15,000 AD, Vega will be almost above the North Pole, although it will be about four degrees off true North. But even this will not endure, and by 28,000 AD, Polaris will be back above where it is nowadays.

One of the effects of the precession is that seasons vary. They modify the dates that they take place, so that Summer could come earlier or later. The amazing thing about our calendar is that it is corrected for that (with the leap year). If it were not, the vernal or Spring equinox would shift over 13,000 years from March 21st to September 21st., which is the date of the autumnal equinox, precisely half a year later.

It is for this reason that the precession of the Earth is generally referred to as the “Precession of the Equinoxes”. Although the precession of the equinoxes is very lengthy, it can be readily observed. The correct year of 325.25 days is the length of time from one vernal equinox to the next vernal equinox, however, it takes 20 minutes and 24 seconds longer for the Sun to appear in precisely the same position in relation to the stars behind it over the same period. It is for this reason that accurate star maps have to be stamped with the exact time and date to which they refer.

Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on many topics, but is currently involved with researching Franklin planner pages. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars

categories: calendars,time,astronomy,science,education,organising,environmental,recreation,hobbies,time,solar system,outdoors,other,uncategorized

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Background On The Famous Pheasant

Benny Jones | June 23, 2010

Among the leading bird hunting sports is hunting wild pheasant. The scientific name of the common pheasant is Phasianus Colchicus. This bird is highly prized by bird hunters.

You’ll find pheasants mostly in woodland areas but they are also in grasslands. They like to eat things like spiders, grasshoppers, worms, slugs, and centipedes or millipedes. These invertebrates produce a delightful treat for these beautiful birds. They love to also eat a number of grains and berries. At night, these gorgeous fowl will roost up in the trees and at daybreak they will peck the ground for some tasty treats.

Pheasants are also a phrase used for quail, ruffed grouse, or partridge. The ring-necked pheasant was introduced in North America in 1857 and became well established in areas out West such as around the Rocky Mountains, Midwest, and the Great Plains. They have also populated parts of both Canada and Mexico. Male pheasants often have long black streaked tails and a distinctive white ring around their neck. More colorful than the female, male pheasants will be colored with a variety of green, purple, gold, and brown plumage that is simply stunning. The plumage of the female pheasant is much duller in appearance and has more of a brownish speckled look. Both the female and male have yellowish stout beaks and rounded short wings. The male can have a tail over 20 inches long and it often has long sharp spurs that often protects it from other wild animals.

Pheasant populations are sensitive to land development as well as clear cutting and environmental pollution. For the sake of the future of pheasant’s in the United States, there are more and more pheasant farms being started to help boost the local bird populations. Pheasant farms guarantee a better solution for the pheasants to survive and flourish so that future generations can enjoy the bounty of the land.

Out west on the Great Plains, you will find that there are an abundance of pheasants in the open fields and around old farm houses. The birds absolutely love to peck around on the grasses for grains and insects in the fields and roost around old homeplaces and farming implements. The United Kingdom has a lot more pheasants than we do here in the United States. In the United States, it is estimated that there are about 10 million pheasants while in the UK there are approximately 35 million.

Males do a strutting movement in the spring of the year to entice a female into courting. The head on the male will become bright red and engorged with.feathers puffed out as the male begins strutting in a courtship dance. Males will fight each other to the end for breeding rights with the females.

Being polygamous, the males will mate with more than one female and are often seen with a group of females following him. Female pheasant will lay an egg batch of about 10 eggs after mating. The eggs will be incubated by 23 to 26 days before hatching. Usually this occurs in the late spring and early summer starting in April through June.

For more on pheasant hunting and Bird hunting lodges. Get your bird dog ready for a hunt of a lifetime.

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Electric Hybrid Vehicles

Colin Jones | May 23, 2010

There are various modes of travel that people can use. Among those is the electric hybrid car. The various models of electric hybrid car afford people the choice of having a stylish looking vehicle which at the same time conserves petrol.

Furthermore, the environment is kept more pollution free by these electric hybrid cars. The types of hybrid cars which you see included in the range of electric hybrid cars will be the popular SUVs, sports cars and pickup trucks. You will have the chance to see those latest electric hybrid cars which are due to come on to the market. As there are many types of electric hybrid cars you should look to see whether there are any performance reviews available.

This knowledge will help guide you when you are trying to make up your mind about which electric hybrid car to buy. You will need to realize that some of the electric hybrid cars will not be that easy to repair or have their parts replaced. This is one factor that you should keep in mind while you are shopping for the electric hybrid car that suits you.

There will be times when you will not be able to find the exact model of electric hybrid car that you want. In order to diminish this frustration, make a list of several different electric hybrid car types, (include some of the best known electric hybrid car types).

You may also want to make a list of the other most important qualities that you are looking for from an electric hybrid car. Don’t forget that you should visit the car showrooms to see the electric hybrid car of your choice, as I’m sure you may appreciate seeing what sort of cars are available before you buy one.

Since there will be times when you will not be able to see details of all of the cars which can be bought, you should find some way of getting this information. Of the various ways that you can look up the many models of electric hybrid car, the Internet can provide you with pictures, descriptions and reviews of the different makes of electric hybrid car. You can access information for the current stable of hybrid Honda cars or the previous models. Among the many details that you can find are the seating, safety and engine specifications of these hybrid cars.

There are, as I’m sure you already know, many different types of hybrid car that can be bought. These will, for the most part, be from well-known car ,manufacturers. You will find that Honda which is a world-famous manufacturer of cars employing modern technology also has their version of a hybrid car. One of their hybrid cars that is very popular with the public is the electric hybrid car.

If you are interested in the insides of New Hybrid Vehicles, just visit our website on http://new-hybrid-vehicles.com This and other unique content ” articles are available with free reprint rights.

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Apocalyptic Dates

Owen Jones | May 15, 2010

Predicting the end of the world has probably been going on since man started thinking, whenever that was. It is warned about in Revelations in the Bible, so that must be about 2,000 years ago.

However, it is the predictions of Nostradamus that are the most well-known and most copious. Some biographical accounts of Nostradamus’ life assert that he was afraid of being victimized for heresy by the Inquisition, although neither prophecy nor astrology fell under their jurisdiction. He would have been in danger only if he had practiced magic to back up his predictions.

In fact, his contact with the Church as a prophet and a healer were always very good. His short imprisonment at Marignane in late 1561 came about purely because he had published his 1562 Almanac without the prior permission of a bishop, contravening a recent royal decree.

Here then are a few of the prophesies of the end of the world and the destruction of mankind.

December 21st, 22nd or 23rd 2012 are all possible dates for the ending of the world according to the ancient Mayan Calendar.

2012 has been determined by some to be the first possible date for the passing by of Planet X (Wormwood) and the demise of the world, as mentioned in Revelations, although this is hotly debated by Biblical experts and astronomers alike.

2012 is also the year given by Nostradamus as the possible demise. He gave three possible years for the apocalypse: 1994 and 1998 so this is his last opportunity to be correct.

2010 is the year so says the Hermetic Order of Golden Dawn.

In 1143 St Malachy prophesied that there would be only another 112 more Popes. The current Pope Benedict is the 111th. He also predicted that the final Pope would be known as Peter of Rome, so we will have to wait and see for this one.

2017 is the year specified to the Sword of God Brotherhood by the Angel Gabriel.

November 13th 2026 is the date according to a 1960 copy of ‘Science’ magazine. The writer said that this would be the day that the planet’s human population would ‘reach infinity’.

2033 is held by many to be the 2000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ and a potential date for his return, which would indicate the demise of our Earthly period.

4,500,000,000 AD is the approximate date at which the Sun is expected to explode and in so doing, destroy the inner solar system including our Earth. Nobody knows, but unless we destroy ourselves first, this latter date is probably the most accurate and scientific date for the destruction of the planet.

Owen Jones, the writer of this article, writes on many topics, but is currently involved with custom wall calendars If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars

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